Chronology of the Turkish Empire

~1250 A.D.	Ertoghrul rescues the Sultan of Iconium.
1260	Ertoghrul made ruler of Sultan-Śni.
1288	Ertoghrul succeeded by his son Osman.
~1301	Osman had the public prayers said in his name.
1307	Osman cast off the last remnant of vassalage to Iconium.
1318	The Turks besieged Brusa.
1326	Surrender of Brusa.
~1327	Death of Osman, and generous rivalry of his sons Orchan and Aladdin.
1330	Capture of Nicma.
1336	Karasi added to the Osmanli domains; which extended over all north-western Asia Minor.
1356	Solyman led the Turks across the Hellespont; earthquakes facilitated the capture of Gallipoli.
1360	Murad I conquered Adrianople and most of the Roman Empire of the East.
1364	Turkish victory over the Servians at the Marizza.
1387	Decisive defeat of the Caramanians at Iconium.
1389	Murad crushed the Servians at Kossova; Bajazet Ilderim annexed Servia.
1396	Crusade and Christian defeat at Nicopolis.
1402	Timur overthrew Bajazet in the huge battle of Angora.
1403-13	Civil war among the sons of Bajazet, ended by the triumph of Mahomet I.
1442	Victories of Hunyadi at Hermanstadt and Vasag.
1443	Revolt of Scanderbeg.
1444	Abdication of Murad II ; his return to the throne, and defeat of the Hungarians at Varna.
1451	Murad defeated Hunyadi at Kossova.
1453	Final siege and capture of Constantinople by Mahomet II.
1456	Mahomet repulsed by Hunyadi at Belgrade.
1460	Greece occupied by the Turks.
1475	Kaffa, the Genoese metropolis of the Crimea, captured.
1480	The Turks seize Otranto in Italy.
1481	Civil wars of Bajazet II and his brother Djem.
1512	Bajazet II forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Selim the Destroyer.
1513	Massacre of thz Shiites.
1514	Selim overthrows the Persians at Calderan.
1516	He adds Syria to his do-mains by the victory of Aleppo.
1517	The Mamelukes defeated at Ridania, and Egypt conquered; Selim becomes Caliph of the Mahometans.
1521	Solyman the Magnificent captures Belgrade.
1522	Knights of St. John driven from the Isle of Rhodes.
1526	Destruction of the Hungarians at Mohacs.
1529	Solyman ravages Austria and besieges Vienna.
1533	Truce between Solyman and Europe.
1538	Naval victory of Barbarossa off Prevesa.
1547	Most of Hungary surrendered to Solyman; Ferdinand of Austria pays him tribute.
1566	Solyman dies before the fortress of Szigeth, and Selim the Sot begins the decadence of the royal house.
1569	First encounter of Turks and Russians.
1571	Capture of Cyprus; the sea-fight of Lepanto.
1589	Great revolt of the Janizaries; frightful interval of disorder.
1590	The cession of Georgia by the Persians expands the Turkish Empire to its widest extent.
1594	Uprising of the Christian tributary states, "the Wallachian Vespers."
1596	Mahomet III overthrows the Christian armies at Cerestes; the last great Turkish victory.
1622	Osman II murdered by the Janizaries.
1636	Murad IV recaptures Baghdad.
1656	Mahomet Kiuprili made Vizier.
1664	Defeat at St. Gotthard.
1669	Crete surrenders to the Turks.
1672	The Cossacks of the Ukraine secure Turkish protection.
1673	Victories of Sobieski at Khoczim and (1675) Lemberg.
1683	Kara Mustapha driven back from Vienna; European coalition against the Turks.
1687	Turkish defeat at Mohacs.
1689	Loss of Belgrade.
1691	Defeat at Slankamen.
1697	Defeat at Zenta.
1699	Peace of Carlowitz, by which Turkey loses Hungary, Azov, the Ukraine and the Peloponnesus.
1711	Victory over Peter the Great.
1717	Second defeat at Belgrade.
1736	The Russians ravage the Crimea.
1787	England and Prussia rescue Turkey from the Russians.
1808	Selim III attempts reform and is overthrown by the Janizaries.
1820	The Albanians and then the Greeks revolt.
1826	Mahmud II exterminates the Janizaries.
1827	Battle of Navarino.
1828	Russian war establishes the independence of Greece.
1839	War with Egypt; Turkey rescued by the Western Powers. submits to their tutelage.
1853	Russian aggression leads to the Crimean War.
1861	Turkish reaction under Abdul Aziz.
1875	National bankruptcy; the Balkan rebellion.
1877	Russia chastises the Turks again; freedom of the Balkan States.
1897	Grco-Turkish war.
1905	Turkey defies the Powers on the Macedonian question.

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